Human Security Centre Human Rights and International Security Research

It will take decades, if not centuries, to completely clear Ukraine of landmines, throughout which people will continue to be injured and killed.

The Kremlin is unlikely to want to lose any part of its empire and is likely to continue cracking down on separatism. Even with possible support from European neighbors, Königsberg sovereignty may be out of reach unless drastic changes in Russian society take place at War’s End.

It is the Sudanese people who have no prospect of winning. The longer fighting drags on, the higher the risk of an expanded civil war, and the more likely foreign actors will get involved.

HSC Fellow Oliver Hegglin has been featured in an article from the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation following the country's reliance on other nations to evacuate its nationals from crisis-hit Sudan.

Ukraine is clearly, and justifiably, taking no chances when it comes to a potential repeat of the initial February 2022 invasion from Belarus. Despite what the numbers might say, the perceived aggressive rhetoric coming from Belarus has made everything “more serious”.

In this most recent spike of unrest in Kosovo, it is reasonable to assess that KFOR’s active and pre-emptive handling has likely served to oversee and control tensions between the ethnic groups.

By forcing a topic to be discussed through consultations whenever a NATO member state feels threatened, Article 4 opens the door for diplomacy, during which decisions can be made that prevent NATO from being pulled into a conflict.

Throughout the summer of 2022, the military regime in Mali took a series of steps under the influence of Russia to isolate itself from its international military and political partners. This decline in access to hard power was counteracted by the introduction of the Russian private military company the Wagner Group, with its alleged heavy ties to the Kremlin.

Switzerland’s system of conscription has been enshrined in the Constitutions since the establishment of the federal state in 1848, which reads “each Swiss is subject to conscription”. In other words, military service to the state and the concept of a “citizen-soldier”, is as old as the country itself.

The omission of the red stripe is a symbol of Russia without blood, war, and aggression. Promoters of the flag say the tri-color of the Russian Federation is now forever associated with war crimes and militarism.