Russian disinformation and its tactics are nothing new, but have been steadily developing since the start of the 20th century.

The ability to assemble, demonstrate, and advocate for change is a cornerstone of any democratic society, yet restrictive measures such as Bill 1236 create a chilling effect that deters individuals from engaging in activism entirely

The House of Commons Defence Committee has published the HSC’s evidence on the UK contribution to European Security. The inquiry comes amidst an ongoing Strategic Defence Review, and as the Russian invasion of Ukraine enters its fourth year.

Russian interference in national elections is intensifying, but so is political and popular resistance to it. Recent events in Moldova, Georgia and Romania show that forces to counter the effects of this interference exist, but also that national systems continue to have vulnerabilities that can be easily exploited.

The label of an “Arms Race” is an exaggerated view on current events in the western Balkans. Croatia and Serbia both have legitimate cases to modernize and strengthen their armed forces in light of war in Europe and the desire for strengthened EU and NATO integration. It is the decision of politics to turn to historical animosity to justify the ongoing developments of both armed forces for domestic purposes.

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania saw the signs that Russia was preparing its society for a large-scale war with the West, and they knew it could have occurred in their countries – but it was Ukraine who fell victim to Russia’s expansionist ambitions.

Power game conundrums, widespread corruption, and an active peace support mission are all considerable barriers for any country seeking to enter the EU.

It can be stated that the law 'On Foreign Agents' writes off almost the entire path Georgia has gone through to be regarded as an aspiring EU member since it hints at hostility to this institution. Yet the protests in the country can be regarded as the catalyst for potential political change.

The Dayton Agreement, while successful in ending the violent conflict of the early 1990s, has become viewed as institutionalising ethnic divisions, leaving the entities in a tenuous balance of power.

The House of Lords International Relations and Defence Committee has published the HSC's evidence on the implications of the war in Ukraine for UK defense. The inquiry comes as the conflict enters its third summer and Russia has intensified its offensive operations.