Addressing the human security of the different ethnic groups will be vital in the ongoing negotiations, or they risk causing a potential cease-fire agreement to fail and cause the established pattern of violence continuing.

Both Trump and Putin see NATO as a threat to national security. For Trump, NATO affairs represent a chief factor in distracting American attention and resources from the most urgent threats represented by the Southern US border and China’s rising power.

Russian disinformation and its tactics are nothing new, but have been steadily developing since the start of the 20th century.

After fifteen years of violence, the people of Syria are attempting to seize the chance for long-awaited peacebuilding, allowing them to actualise their human and political rights and revive their state.

The fall of Bashar al-Assad's regime and the rise of a transitional government signals a pivotal shift in Syrian history, but the damage left by decades of systemic oppression and violence will take far longer to repair.

Russian interference in national elections is intensifying, but so is political and popular resistance to it. Recent events in Moldova, Georgia and Romania show that forces to counter the effects of this interference exist, but also that national systems continue to have vulnerabilities that can be easily exploited.

The US desperately needs a new mechanism for the deterrence of Russia, compliant with the complexity of the modern international environment.

The continual and worsening use of cluster munitions has resulted in global devastation, presenting a significant challenge to international humanitarian law and civilian safety.

The Dayton Agreement, while successful in ending the violent conflict of the early 1990s, has become viewed as institutionalising ethnic divisions, leaving the entities in a tenuous balance of power.

The House of Lords International Relations and Defence Committee has published the HSC's evidence on the implications of the war in Ukraine for UK defense. The inquiry comes as the conflict enters its third summer and Russia has intensified its offensive operations.