Human Security Centre Human Rights and International Security Research

The conflict in Manipur reflects far more than a contemporary outbreak of ethnic violence. Instead, it represents the continuation of historical grievances that have repeatedly evolved into armed confrontation, reinforced by cycles of retaliation, political distrust, and deepening communal divisions.

What was once collateral risk has become a direct threat - humanitarian workers are no longer afforded the same levels of protection in real-world situations.

The promises of the Jasmine Revolution have unfortunately unraveled as it approaches its 15th anniversary. The goals of solidarity away from dictatorship appear much like a dream rather than a reality in contemporary Tunisia, with the expansive use of emergency power showing a regression, not a revolution. Until those in power revert control back to the independent bodies that are needed to maintain social order, we will likely see further progression towards total impunity.

Across nearly two decades, Egypt’s response to religious and ideological dissent has evolved from isolated prosecutions into a coordinated network of control and suppression.

Operation Southern Spear ultimately reveals a significant and unsettling expansion of US force beyond established limits of international law. By classifying drug trafficking as an armed attack and presenting enforcement measures as acts of self-defence, the Trump administration has eroded the distinction between law enforcement and warfare.

The rampant drug trade in Rio de Janeiro is not the result of an absent state authority, but of the way that authority has been selectively enforced. Criminal organizations and militias have not grown despite the state but sustained alongside its corruption.

Despite the CWC offering the same degree of prohibition and protection as the TNPT, BWC and PNTBT, the degree of selective enforcement has allowed states to operate seemingly beyond regulations.

Despite the legitimate agreement Australia and Nauru drafted, the implementation of this agreement requires extreme scrutiny on behalf of the contracted parties.

Behind the spectacle in the media, AA serves as another extension of the historic anti-illegal immigration policy enacted by the initial Trump administration almost a decade ago. With antagonistic roots found in the migration protection protocols, the legislative groundwork that allowed for the “Remain in Mexico” (RMX) program aimed at strict border enforcement on the Southern US-Mexico border, it became clear that AA was not built in isolation from previous policy decisions.

Recent conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza have led to a marked increase in civilian casualties, highlighting a broader trend in which warfare increasingly unfolds in populated areas with limited regard for civilian safety.