On 1 April 2022, the Malian government proudly announced their successes during a recent operation in Moura that left an estimated 300 ‘militants’ dead. Between 23 and 31 March, the Malian army and suspected Russian mercenary counterparts, Wagner Group (WG), summarily executed these estimated 300 men.

The combination of Libya's penal sanctions alongside neglectful treatment of asylum seekers is nothing short of inhumane, let alone lawful.

Armed groups in South Sudan have systematically targeted women with malicious sexual intent as well as continued this in the form of prolonged slavery and forced pregnancies.

There needs to be more prominent transparency and honesty, evidence, and proof when it comes to the justification of the usage of drone strikes to support holding countries such as the United States accountable for their actions.

Corruption, mismanagement, poverty, and war provide fertile conditions for desperate youths with little prospect and lost patience with leaders to welcome such radical change as a military coup. And the pattern is clear; as long as coups succeed, coups will continue to take place.

While the Mali government have launched some investigations into atrocity allegations regarding Islamist groups, investigations into the Mali military have not been commenced.

Despite genocide not having been committed in the state, widespread, systemic and targeted crimes against humanity have been committed by all sides to the conflict.

In 2023 there will be general elections in Nigeria and the current President continuously states that security in the country will be established before handing over power. Already now a year before the elections, it can be discussed whether security, or lack there off, can affect the very happening of such elections.

The most likely and effective solution to the situation in Sudan and for the security of the civil population is pressure from the international community. This can happen through sanctions, though these should be carefully targeted, so they spare the civil population as far as possible.

Jihadist groups are constantly becoming more decentralized in nature but also asymmetrical in their approaches, including through online propaganda and recruiting. In that sense, an event in one country can easily affect another, especially when it comes to affecting the mindsets of others.